$$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 1

Which layer of the heart wall is primarily responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the heart through which chamber?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 3

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart chambers, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Left atrium → Left ventricle

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Protects and anchors the heart, reducing friction

Question 6

During ventricular systole, which valves are open?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 8

A blockage in the right coronary artery would most likely affect which part of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle

Question 9

Which structure prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 10

If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, which structure typically takes over as the heart's pacemaker?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs for oxygenation; systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to tissues

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Question 13

A patient presents with a blockage in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Which area of the heart is most at risk?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring greater pressure

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

Prevent valve prolapse during ventricular contraction

Question 17

If a patient has a heart rate ($$HR) of 80 $$beats per minute and a stroke volume ($$SV) of 70 mL$$, what is their cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 18

Which of the following is a common site for coronary artery blockage leading to myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending (LAD) artery

Question 19

Which term describes the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes and the chambers fill with blood?

Accepted Answer

Diastole

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the role of the coronary sinus?

Accepted Answer

It drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the right atrium

Heart Structure and Function: APHY102 Exam Review Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions