Question 1

Which of the following best explains why surfactant is essential for normal lung function?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the surface tension in alveoli, making it easier for the lungs to expand during inspiration.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to high levels of carbon monoxide (CO). Which of the following best describes the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to hemoglobin, reducing the amount of O2 that can be transported in the blood.

Question 3

According to Boyle's Law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of its container is halved, assuming temperature is constant?

Accepted Answer

The pressure doubles.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents vital capacity (VC) in terms of lung volumes?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = IRV + ERV + TV$$

Question 5

A healthy person’s most powerful stimulus for breathing is:

Accepted Answer

An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in pH decreases hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, promoting oxygen release to tissues.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the ciliated epithelium in the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Catching inspired dust particles and moving them toward the pharynx

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) in the medulla?

Accepted Answer

It generates the basic rhythm of breathing by stimulating the diaphragm and external intercostals.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the Hering-Breuer reflex?

Accepted Answer

It decreases inspiration by activating pulmonary stretch receptors, preventing over-inflation of the lungs.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between bronchial and pulmonary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissue, while pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Increased surfactant production

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the absorptive and post-absorptive states is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is formed in the liver during the absorptive state.

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the buccal stage of swallowing?

Accepted Answer

The tongue pushes the bolus against the hard palate, propelling it into the oropharynx.

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes is secreted by chief cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsinogen

Question 16

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondria and yields the most ATP during cellular respiration.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of hepatocytes?

Accepted Answer

Producing digestive enzymes

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the phases of gastric secretion is correct?

Accepted Answer

The gastric phase is stimulated by protein and peptide fragments in the stomach.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about chemical and mechanical digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemical digestion involves hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by enzymes.

High-Yield Study Notes: The Respiratory and Digestive Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards