Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

They transform androgens into estrogens and support oocyte development.

Question 2

During oogenesis, what is the fate of the polar bodies produced in meiotic divisions?

Accepted Answer

They degenerate and do not participate in fertilization.

Question 3

A patient presents with infertility. Histological examination reveals a lack of ciliated cells in the oviduct epithelium. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of the oocyte to the uterus

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum after ovulation if pregnancy occurs?

Accepted Answer

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why most primary oocytes do not reach full maturation?

Accepted Answer

They undergo atresia at various stages of development.

Question 6

A Pap smear is used to detect early signs of cervical cancer. Which histological change is most indicative of severe dysplasia in the cervical epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal, undifferentiated cells with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio

Question 7

Which of the following statements about capacitation of sperm is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves changes in the sperm membrane and is necessary for fertilization.

Question 8

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for preparing the endometrial lining for implantation of a fertilized egg?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one gamete and polar bodies per primary oocyte, while spermatogenesis produces four gametes per primary spermatocyte.

Question 10

A woman is found to have a non-functioning corpus luteum during the second half of her menstrual cycle. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate progesterone production and failure of endometrial preparation

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the follicle stage with its main histological feature?

Accepted Answer

Primary follicle: formation of zona pellucida

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the role of theca interna cells in the ovarian follicle?

Accepted Answer

They produce androgens, which are converted to estrogens by granulosa cells.

Question 13

A fertilized ovum implants in the endometrium. Which hormone secreted by the embryo is essential for maintaining the endometrium at this stage?

Accepted Answer

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the oviduct (Fallopian tube)?

Accepted Answer

Providing the environment for fertilization and initial zygote development

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the histological change at the cervix-uterus junction?

Accepted Answer

Transition from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

Question 16

A researcher is studying the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle. Which equation best represents the relationship between the corpus luteum, progesterone, and endometrial maintenance?

Accepted Answer

$$Progesterone = f(Corpus\ Luteum)$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the degeneration of the corpus luteum in the absence of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Menstruation due to loss of endometrial support

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why sperm must undergo capacitation before fertilizing an oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Capacitation increases sperm motility and alters the membrane for binding to the zona pellucida.

Question 19

A histological section of the vagina shows a thick, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. What is the main function of this tissue type in the vagina?

Accepted Answer

Protection against mechanical stress and pathogens

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the zona pellucida during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier that sperm must bind to and penetrate for fertilization.

Histology and Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Tract

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