Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of Leydig (interstitial) cells in the testis?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize and release androgens, mainly testosterone, which influence male phenotype and spermatogenesis.

Question 2

During spermatogenesis, which phase involves the first meiotic division resulting in the formation of secondary spermatocytes?

Accepted Answer

Spermatocyte phase

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the storage and maturation of sperm, and what is the approximate passage time for sperm through this structure?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis; ~12 days

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the blood-testis barrier is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is created by Sertoli cells to protect developing spermatocytes from immune system attack.

Question 5

A patient presents with infertility due to a blockage in the ductus deferens. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the chromosomal change during the first meiotic division in spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the prostate gland's secretions in seminal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Supplying enzymes such as phosphatase and PSA to aid sperm motility and liquefaction

Question 8

Which cell type in the seminiferous tubules acts as a stem cell and can undergo mitotic division to replenish the germ cell population?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogonium type A, dark (Ad)

Question 9

Which histological feature distinguishes the duct of the epididymis from the efferent ductules?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia in the duct of the epididymis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the physiological mechanism of penile erection?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of smooth muscle in helicine arteries, increased arterial inflow, and compression of veins

Question 11

Which accessory gland contributes the largest volume to seminal fluid and what is its main energy source for sperm?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicle; fructose

Question 12

A mutation impairs the function of dynein in sperm. Which structure and process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Axonemal complex; sperm motility

Question 13

Which layer of the ductus deferens is responsible for peristaltic contractions that propel sperm during ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis (inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal)

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of testosterone produced by Leydig cells?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of embryonic development of male sex organs

Question 15

Which equation best represents the total time required for spermatogenesis in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{spermatogenesis} \approx 74 	ext{ days}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

They secrete androgen-binding protein and support developing spermatocytes.

Question 17

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents crossing-over during meiosis in spermatogenesis. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced genetic diversity in sperm

Question 18

Which of the following structures is derived from the abdominal wall and descends with the testis during development?

Accepted Answer

Tunica vaginalis

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of sperm maturation and transport from production to ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubules → epididymis → ductus deferens → urethra

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the testis is divided into lobules separated by connective tissue septa?

Accepted Answer

To compartmentalize seminiferous tubules and optimize spermatogenesis

Histology and Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Tract

Study Guide - Practice Questions