Question 1

Which of the following best describes the functional difference between the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Adenohypophysis synthesizes and secretes hormones, while neurohypophysis stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Question 2

Which hormone is secreted by somatotrophs in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

A patient presents with abnormally high blood glucose levels. Which pancreatic islet cell type is most likely under-functioning?

Accepted Answer

Beta ($$\beta) $$cells

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the hormone secreted by thyrotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 5

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes which class of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Mineralocorticoids

Question 6

Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted in greatest abundance by chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 8

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the walls of thyroid follicles?

Accepted Answer

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by alpha ($$\alpha) $$cells in the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 10

A patient with excessive thirst and urination is found to have a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which part of the pituitary gland is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Pars nervosa (neurohypophysis)

Question 11

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin; regulates circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by beta ($$\beta) $$cells in the pancreas, and what is its effect on blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cells arranged in long cords

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

Which of the following is a major glycoprotein found in the stored colloid of thyroid follicles?

Accepted Answer

Thyroglobulin

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by delta ($$\delta) $$cells in the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin

Question 17

Which two major catecholamines are secreted by chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 18

Which class of hormones is mainly secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Androgens

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by mammotrophs in the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted by PP cells in the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic polypeptide

Histology and Function of Major Endocrine Organs: Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, and Pancreas

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