Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for the production of new epidermal cells through mitosis.

Question 2

A biopsy reveals a tissue with closely packed cells, a single layer, and nuclei aligned at the same level. Which tissue is most likely observed?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 3

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 4

A patient suffers a deep cut that penetrates through the epidermis and into the reticular layer of the dermis. Which structures are most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands and dense irregular connective tissue

Question 5

Which connective tissue type is characterized by parallel bundles of collagen fibers and is found in tendons?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 6

In a histological slide of hyaline cartilage, which structure contains the chondrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Lacuna

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It stores energy in the form of adipose tissue.

Question 8

A muscle tissue sample shows striations and multiple nuclei per cell. Which type of muscle is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 9

Which cell type is responsible for producing collagen fibers in areolar connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblast

Question 10

A patient presents with a skin disorder affecting the stratum lucidum. Which area of the body is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Palms of the hands

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid communication and synchronized contraction between cells.

Question 12

Which anatomical term describes a structure closer to the head compared to another structure?

Accepted Answer

Superior

Question 13

A histological slide shows cells with cilia and nuclei at different levels, but all cells touch the basement membrane. Which tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 14

Which layer of the skin contains dermal papillae and is responsible for fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer of dermis

Question 15

A blood sample is analyzed and shows cells without nuclei. Which cell type is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell

Question 16

Which equation best represents the surface area to volume ratio ($$SA:V) $$for a spherical cell, and why is this ratio important in histology?

Accepted Answer

$$SA:V = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$; it determines the efficiency of nutrient and waste exchange.

Question 17

A patient has a nail injury affecting the matrix. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired nail growth

Question 18

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Reticular fibers

Question 19

A histology slide shows a neuron with multiple dendrites and a single axon. Which function is most associated with the axon?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting signals away from the cell body

Question 20

Which gland type releases its secretion by exocytosis without loss of cellular material, and is most abundant in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine sweat gland

Histology and the Integumentary System: Study Guide for BIO 250

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