Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides strength to resist tensile and compressive forces, regulates cell development, and holds cells in their proper positions.

Question 2

A patient presents with tall stature, long limbs, and joint dislocations. Genetic testing reveals a defect in the gene coding for fibrillin-1. Which protein fiber in the ECM is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers

Question 3

Which of the following cell junctions is primarily responsible for preventing substances from passing between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 4

Which component of the ground substance is a negatively charged polysaccharide chain that helps attract water and ions?

Accepted Answer

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 5

A researcher is studying the transport of glucose across a simple epithelial layer. Which pathway involves glucose moving directly through the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcellular transport

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Generating electrical impulses

Question 7

Which protein fiber in the ECM is most abundant and provides resistance to tension and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the basal lamina in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of collagen fibers and ground substance, forming part of the basement membrane.

Question 9

Which type of epithelial tissue would be best suited for rapid diffusion of gases in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 10

If a tissue sample contains cells that are scattered throughout an abundant ECM and functions to bind, support, and protect, which primary tissue type is it?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of cell layers ($n$) and the rate of diffusion ($D$) across an epithelial tissue, assuming all other factors are constant?

Accepted Answer

$D \propto \frac{1}{n}$

Question 12

Which cell junction allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells, facilitating rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

A mutation in the gene for collagen would most likely affect which function of the ECM?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to tension and pressure

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why simple epithelial tissue is more suitable for absorption and secretion than stratified epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelium has fewer cell layers, allowing substances to pass through more easily.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of proteoglycans in the ground substance of the ECM?

Accepted Answer

Bonding GAGs to a protein core to help trap water and resist compression

Question 16

Which of the following statements about reticular fibers is correct?

Accepted Answer

They interweave to form a scaffold that supports cells and ground substance.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in the ECM?

Accepted Answer

They act as cell-adhesion molecules, binding cell surface proteins and protein fibers.

Question 18

A tissue sample is found to cover the body surface, provide protection, and facilitate secretion. Which type of tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the classification of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is classified by the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Marfan syndrome can lead to life-threatening complications involving the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Defective elastic fibers in the ECM weaken the aortic wall, increasing the risk of rupture.

Histology: Introduction to Tissues and Epithelial Tissue Structure

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