Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of simple squamous epithelium, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Rapid diffusion and filtration; found lining alveoli and blood vessels

Question 2

A tissue sample shows tightly packed cells with little extracellular matrix, an apical surface with microvilli, and a basal surface attached to a basement membrane. Which tissue type is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 3

Which of the following is a property that distinguishes connective tissue from epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue has more extracellular matrix than cell volume

Question 4

A patient suffers a torn tendon. Which type of connective tissue is primarily affected, and what is its main structural protein?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue; collagen

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals slowly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular and relies on diffusion for nutrient delivery

Question 6

A histological slide shows parallel bundles of collagen fibers with fibroblasts compressed between them and very little ground substance. Which tissue is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue; resists tension in one direction

Question 7

Which of the following cell types is responsible for producing the fibers and ground substance in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 8

A biopsy from the trachea reveals tissue with cilia and goblet cells, but all cells touch the basement membrane even though nuclei are at different heights. What is the most likely tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid electrical and mechanical connection between cells

Question 10

A patient has a disease that destroys the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Which tissue type is primarily affected, and what is the main function of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue; rapid transmission of information

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis is classified as a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It consists of multiple layers of flat cells with a surface layer of dead, keratin-filled cells

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the volume of extracellular matrix ($$V_{ECM}$$), the total tissue volume ($$V_{total}$$), and the cell volume ($$V_{cell}) in $$connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{ECM} = V_{total} - V_{cell}$$

Question 13

A tissue sample from the small intestine shows tall, rectangular cells with nuclei near the base and a brush border. What is the main function of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a supportive framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes

Question 15

A patient with a genetic defect in elastin production would most likely have problems with which tissue function?

Accepted Answer

Ability of tissues to spring back after stretching

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bone tissue is a good reservoir for calcium and phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

Its matrix is hard and calcified, storing minerals

Question 17

A histological section shows a tissue with multiple layers of cells, with the surface cells being flat and dead. Which tissue is this, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; protection against abrasion and water loss

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of mucous membranes (mucosa) in the body?

Accepted Answer

They line tracts open to the exterior and provide protection, secretion, and absorption

Question 19

A patient presents with a ruptured intervertebral disc. Which type of connective tissue is primarily involved, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; resists compression and absorbs shock

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why all substances entering or leaving the body must pass through an epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue forms the boundary between the body and the external environment

Histology: The Four Primary Tissue Types in Anatomy & Physiology

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