Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary physiological problem in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Defective insulin secretion or action leading to chronic hyperglycemia

Question 2

A patient has a fasting blood glucose of $$6.5$$ mmol/L. According to diagnostic criteria, this value indicates:

Accepted Answer

Impaired fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)

Question 3

Which of the following is a major complication of chronic diabetes mellitus due to disrupted homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular disease affecting multiple organ systems

Question 4

During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a blood glucose level of $$12$$ mmol/L after 2 hours is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why individuals with diabetes mellitus often experience increased thirst?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood glucose leads to osmotic diuresis and loss of plasma volume

Question 6

A patient with diabetes insipidus will most likely present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excessive urine output with dilute urine

Question 7

Which population group in the United States has the highest prevalence of diabetes according to the provided data?

Accepted Answer

American Indian adults in Arizona

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for a carbohydrate molecule such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of diabetes mellitus compared to diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

Presence of hyperglycemia and sweet-tasting urine

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Cells are resistant to the effects of insulin

Question 12

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of impaired glucose tolerance ($$7 \u003c 	ext{BG} \u003c 11$$ mmol/L) if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Decreased urine output

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin facilitates cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose levels

Question 15

A patient with a blood glucose of $$8.5$$ mmol/L after fasting is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Diabetic

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct cost associated with diabetes in Canada?

Accepted Answer

\u003e$$9-13$$ billion per year

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is due to lack of insulin production; type 2 is due to insulin resistance

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_n(H_2O)_n$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bathes cells and facilitates ion transport for survival and adaptation

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about amino acids and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Homeostasis and Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview

Study Guide - Practice Questions