Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary physiological defect in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Impaired response to normal insulin levels

Question 2

A patient has a fasting blood glucose of $$6.5\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$ and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) result of $$10.5\ \mathrm{mmol/L}. $$According to diagnostic criteria, which category does this patient fall into?

Accepted Answer

Impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes)

Question 3

Which of the following is a major consequence of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Damage to blood vessels (vascular disease)

Question 4

A 35-year-old woman presents with excessive thirst and frequent urination. Her fasting blood glucose is $$8.2\ \mathrm{mmol/L}. $$Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why individuals with diabetes mellitus often experience increased urine output?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood glucose exceeds renal threshold, leading to osmotic diuresis

Question 6

If a patient has a 2-hour OGTT blood glucose of $$12.5\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The patient meets the criteria for diabetes mellitus

Question 7

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of diabetes insipidus compared to diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Inability to concentrate urine due to ADH deficiency

Question 8

A patient with pre-diabetes has a fasting blood glucose of $$6.2\ \mathrm{mmol/L}. $$What is the range for impaired fasting glucose according to the provided materials?

Accepted Answer

$$5.5 - 6.9\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the term 'homeostasis' in the context of blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment, such as keeping blood glucose within a narrow range

Question 10

Which of the following is a key reason why diabetes mellitus is considered a major public health concern?

Accepted Answer

It is pervasive and affects all organ systems, leading to widespread complications

Question 11

A 50-year-old man has a fasting blood glucose of $$7.2\ \mathrm{mmol/L}$$ and a 2-hour OGTT of $$13.0\ \mathrm{mmol/L}. $$Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of diabetes is correct based on the provided materials?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes prevalence is highest among American Indian adults in Arizona

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a monosaccharide, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{n}(H$$_{2}$$O)_{n}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why plasma volume is affected in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diuresis due to excess glucose in the urine leads to fluid loss

Question 15

Which of the following is a common symptom of both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output (polyuria)

Question 16

A patient with diabetes mellitus is at increased risk for which of the following complications due to chronic hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Vascular disease (damage to blood vessels)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the chemical composition of proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells, while Type 2 is due to impaired response to insulin

Question 19

A patient with a blood glucose of $$5.8\ \mathrm{mmol/L} is $$classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease

Homeostasis and Diabetes Mellitus: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevalence

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