Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of an effector in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

It elicits a response to restore the regulated variable to its set point.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose rises after a meal. Which structure acts as the integrating center in the homeostatic regulation of blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells of the pancreas

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of LH leading to increased estrogen during ovulation

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of plasma glucose concentration after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)?

Accepted Answer

$C_{plasma} = \frac{mass\;of\;glucose\;ingested}{volume\;of\;plasma}$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the Inuit can work in cold environments without gloves and maintain blood flow to their hands?

Accepted Answer

It is likely due to acclimatization, an acute adaptation to cold.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of biological rhythm related to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac rhythm

Question 7

A person with diabetes mellitus has fasting blood glucose levels of 8.0 mmol/L. According to diagnostic criteria, which category does this value fall under?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the afferent pathway in homeostatic control is correct?

Accepted Answer

It transmits sensory information from receptors to the integrating center.

Question 9

During exercise, which of the following best describes the process of acclimatization?

Accepted Answer

An acute adaptation that improves homeostatic compensation to stress.

Question 10

Which population group in the United States has the highest prevalence of diabetes according to the provided data?

Accepted Answer

American Indian adults in Arizona

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a negative feedback loop regulating blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Integrating center → Effector → Response

Question 12

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of chronic disruption of homeostasis in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Vascular disease affecting multiple organ systems

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between adaptation and acclimatization?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation is a genetic trait favoring survival; acclimatization is an acute physiological adjustment.

Question 14

Which formula would you use to convert blood glucose from mmol/L to mg/dL?

Accepted Answer

$mg/dL = mmol/L 	imes 18$

Question 15

A patient’s blood glucose after an OGTT is 12 mmol/L. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of signals in homeostatic control systems?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication between receptors and effectors.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

It is related to impaired regulation of plasma volume.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the pituitary gland in a positive feedback loop during ovulation?

Accepted Answer

It secretes LH, which stimulates increased estrogen secretion from the ovaries.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of anticipatory homeostatic control?

Accepted Answer

Increase in heart rate before starting a race

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible reason for the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Aging population and lifestyle factors leading to impaired glucose tolerance

Homeostasis and Its Role in Human Physiology

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