Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the location and structure of body parts, while physiology is the study of their functions.

Question 2

A patient presents with a genetic disorder that causes defective microtubules. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cell division and organization

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands are activated to cool the body when temperature rises.

Question 4

Given a cell with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, what is its likely primary function?

Accepted Answer

Protein production and secretion

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid heads are hydrophilic and face the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell.

Question 6

A solution contains 0.5 mol/L NaCl and 0.5 mol/L glucose. What is the osmolarity of the solution? (Assume NaCl dissociates completely into Na⁺ and Cl⁻)

Accepted Answer

$$1.5 \, 	ext{osm/L}$$

Question 7

According to Fick’s law, which change would most increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses energy from an ion gradient.

Question 9

A patient is given a drug that inhibits the sodium-potassium pump. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Cells will accumulate sodium inside and lose potassium.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the structure and function of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin binds oxygen to the iron in its heme group.

Question 11

Which phase of hemostasis involves the release of prothrombin and activation of thrombin?

Accepted Answer

Platelet plug formation

Question 12

Which white blood cell is most abundant and is the first to respond during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

It has a transport maximum due to carrier saturation.

Question 14

Which immune cell is responsible for identifying self cells and causing apoptosis in abnormal cells?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cell

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why swelling and pain occur during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Increased white blood cell count in tissues and stimulation of pain receptors cause swelling and pain.

Question 16

Which pathway of coagulation is triggered by tissue damage and involves factors III and VII?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 17

A cell is placed in a solution with higher concentration of non-penetrating solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Contributing to osmotic pressure and serving as a carrier protein

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves B cells and antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells.

Homeostasis, Cell Structure, Membranes, Blood, and Immunity: ANP Study Guide

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