Question 1

Which of the following hormones is classified as lipid-soluble and requires a transporter protein to circulate in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 2

A patient is experiencing symptoms due to an excess of parathyroid hormone. Which hormone acts antagonistically to parathyroid hormone to help regulate blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 3

Water-soluble hormones typically exert their effects by binding to receptors located:

Accepted Answer

On the plasma membrane

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a permissive hormonal effect?

Accepted Answer

One hormone enhances the effect of another hormone

Question 5

A researcher is studying the synergistic effect of ADH and aldosterone on kidney function. What is the expected outcome when both hormones are present?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium and water reabsorption

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Number of mitochondria in the cell

Question 7

A patient with low levels of transporter proteins in the blood would most likely have impaired signaling of which type of hormone?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the mechanism of action for lipid-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and alter gene expression

Question 9

If the concentration of a hormone doubles and the number of receptors on the target cell remains constant, what is the expected effect on the cell's response?

Accepted Answer

The response will increase

Question 10

Which of the following hormones is classified as water-soluble and circulates in 'free' form in the plasma?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormone

Question 11

A patient is given a drug that blocks second messenger systems. Which type of hormone would be most affected by this drug?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble hormones

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between hormone concentration ($[H]$), receptor abundance ($R$), and cellular response ($C$)?

Accepted Answer

$C = [H] 	imes R$

Question 13

Nitric oxide (NO) is unique among hormones because it is:

Accepted Answer

A lipid-soluble gas

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an antagonistic hormonal effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium while calcitonin decreases it

Question 15

A patient with a genetic mutation causing decreased receptor abundance for a specific hormone will most likely experience:

Accepted Answer

Decreased cellular response to the hormone

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a hormone that circulates in the blood in 'free' form and does NOT require a transporter protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormone

Question 17

A patient is found to have abnormally high levels of both cortisol and glucagon. What type of hormonal interaction is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Permissive effect

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble hormones can cross the plasma membrane while water-soluble hormones cannot?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble hormones are nonpolar and can dissolve in the lipid bilayer

Question 19

A patient is given a medication that increases the number of hormone receptors on target cells. What is the expected effect on the cell's responsiveness to the hormone?

Accepted Answer

Increased responsiveness

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for water-soluble hormone action?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds to membrane receptor → activates second messenger → cellular response

Hormones: Types, Mechanisms, and Effects

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