Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They anchor the atrioventricular (AV) valve cusps to the papillary muscles, preventing valve prolapse during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the left anterior interventricular artery. Which area of the heart is most likely to be affected by this blockage?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 3

Which of the following correctly traces the path of blood from the right atrium to the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the hepatic portal system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why veins in the limbs have valves, but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Veins carry blood under lower pressure and against gravity, so valves prevent backflow.

Question 6

A patient has a tumor compressing the thoracic duct. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired drainage of lymph from the left side of the body and both lower limbs

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the diaphragm during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

It contracts, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the nasal conchae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for warming, humidifying, and filtering inhaled air

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between physical and chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Physical digestion involves breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical structure, while chemical digestion involves enzymatic breakdown into absorbable molecules.

Question 10

Which of the following structures is specialized for nutrient absorption in the small intestine due to its large surface area?

Accepted Answer

Villi and microvilli

Question 11

A patient has a mutation that prevents the production of surfactant in the alveoli. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface tension in alveoli, leading to alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It regulates blood pressure and filtrate formation by releasing renin.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between the male and female urethra?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections in females.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It is the process of sperm cell formation through meiosis, resulting in four haploid cells from one diploid cell.

Question 15

Which hormone is primarily responsible for initiating the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches an extraembryonic membrane with its function?

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac – site of early blood cell formation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the changes in the circulatory system that occur at birth?

Accepted Answer

The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close, and the umbilical vessels constrict.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains how the kidneys help regulate blood pH?

Accepted Answer

By reabsorbing bicarbonate ions and secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a primary germ layer and a tissue derived from it?

Accepted Answer

Mesoderm – bone

Question 20

A patient is unable to produce sufficient bile. Which of the following digestive processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification and absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine

Human Anatomy: Study Guide for Chapters 21–28 (Heart, Vessels, Lymphatics, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, and Embryology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards