Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Question 2

The glottis is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The cleft between the two vocal chords that can be opened or closed

Question 3

Which type of cartilage primarily stabilizes the larynx?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

A patient presents with a genetic disorder resulting in immotile cilia and chronic respiratory infections. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kartagener Syndrome (laryngeal diskinesia)

Question 5

Which cell type in the tracheal epithelium is responsible for producing mucus?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Question 6

Impairment of mucociliary clearance in the trachea can lead to which of the following consequences?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of inhaled particles and increased risk of infection

Question 7

Which equation describes the rate of gas diffusion across the alveolar membrane according to Fick's law?

Accepted Answer

$$V = K \cdot \frac{A}{a} \cdot \Delta p$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about surfactant in the lungs is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant reduces surface tension by disrupting water molecule interactions

Question 9

During inspiration, the lungs expand primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

The vacuum in the pleural cavity following thoracic expansion

Question 10

Which structure is responsible for the majority of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 11

A newborn struggles to expand its lungs during the first breaths after birth. Which substance is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Sound generation

Question 13

Which vessel supplies approximately 20% of the blood pumped from the heart directly to the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of urine production in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Filtration → Reabsorption → Secretion

Question 15

The glomerular filtration barrier consists of all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle layer

Question 16

Which cells in the renal corpuscle provide structural support and help keep the filter free of debris?

Accepted Answer

Mesangial cells

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is LEAST likely to be found in the primary urine produced by the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

Albumin (protein)

Question 18

Which anatomical structure connects the pharynx and trachea?

Accepted Answer

Larynx

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of pneumocytes type II in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Production of surfactant and regeneration of type I cells

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pleura of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The pleura consists of a simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) and subepithelial connective tissue

Human Biology & Histology: Respiratory and Urinary Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions