Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune systems?

Accepted Answer

The innate immune system provides immediate, non-specific defense, while the adaptive immune system provides delayed, specific responses.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the first line of immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytic macrophages

Question 3

A patient is exposed to a novel virus. Which process allows their immune system to recognize and mount a specific response to this pathogen during a secondary exposure?

Accepted Answer

Formation of memory B and T cells

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

The coating of pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, phagocyte migration

Question 6

Which complement pathway is initiated by antibodies binding to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 7

A patient with a genetic deficiency in MHC class II proteins would most likely have impaired:

Accepted Answer

Activation of helper T cells

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever enhances the activity of immune cells and inhibits the growth of some pathogens.

Question 9

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response and is the most abundant in serum?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

A person receives an injection of antibodies against rabies after being bitten by a potentially rabid animal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive artificial immunity

Question 11

Which cell type is responsible for killing virus-infected cells in the absence of prior sensitization to the specific virus?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They present processed antigens on MHC molecules to T cells, initiating adaptive immunity.

Question 13

A patient develops a rash and difficulty breathing after eating peanuts. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and stronger than a primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response rapidly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system that directly supports the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and providing sites for immune cell activation

Question 16

Which of the following mechanisms is used by cytotoxic T cells to destroy infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis

Question 17

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) produces antibodies against their own DNA. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of respiratory burst in phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Release of reactive oxygen species to destroy engulfed pathogens

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of antibody class and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

IgE – protection against parasitic worms and involvement in allergies

Question 20

A child recovers from chickenpox and is later exposed to the virus again but does not get sick. Which mechanism best explains this immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active natural immunity due to memory B and T cells

Immune System Study Guide: Structure and Function

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