Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a nonspecific surface barrier in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies circulating in plasma

Question 2

During inflammation, which cardinal sign is primarily caused by increased blood flow to the affected area?

Accepted Answer

Redness

Question 3

A patient with a deficiency in surfactant production is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Decreased alveolar surface tension leading to collapsed alveoli

Question 4

Which process involves the movement of leukocytes out of the bloodstream and into tissues at sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents Boyle's Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They process and present antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive immunity.

Question 7

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is likely to have which of the following changes in blood gases?

Accepted Answer

Increased $CO_2$ and decreased $O_2$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of interferons in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins.

Question 9

Which class of antibody is most abundant in plasma and is responsible for secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

A patient presents with rapid breathing and confusion. Blood gas analysis reveals $pH = 7.25$, $pCO_2 = 60$ mmHg, and $HCO_3^- = 26$ mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity involves the production of antibodies by the individual's own immune system, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source.

Question 12

Which maneuver increases intrathoracic pressure and can be used to assess cardiac function?

Accepted Answer

Valsalva maneuver

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 14

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema

Question 15

Which equation describes Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures?

Accepted Answer

$P_{total} = P_1 + P_2 + P_3 + \ldots$

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response mediated by IgE antibodies

Question 17

Which structure is responsible for conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi and is lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 18

A patient with infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is most likely deficient in which substance?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of lymphocyte selection in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

T cells that strongly bind to self-antigens are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity.

Question 20

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of oxygen unloading from hemoglobin in peripheral tissues?

Accepted Answer

Decreased pH and increased $CO_2$

Immunity and Respiratory System: Key Concepts and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards