Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immune defenses?

Accepted Answer

Innate defenses respond quickly and non-specifically to pathogens, while adaptive defenses respond slowly and specifically to particular antigens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a first line of defense in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes

Question 3

A patient suffers a cut that breaches the skin barrier. Which immune response is triggered next?

Accepted Answer

Internal second line of defense involving phagocytes and inflammation

Question 4

Which chemical found in sweat is toxic to some bacteria and contributes to the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Dermcidin

Question 5

What is the primary function of cilia in the upper respiratory tract as part of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To sweep dust- and bacteria-laden mucus toward the throat for removal

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the skin is an effective barrier against most microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

It is resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins.

Question 7

A researcher is studying the role of mucous membranes in immunity. Which finding would best support their function as a first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes produce protective chemicals that inhibit or destroy microorganisms.

Question 8

Which of the following is a mechanical barrier provided by the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Sticky mucus lining the digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 9

If a person inhales dust particles, which immune system structure is primarily responsible for trapping these particles before they reach the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Cilia-coated hairs in the nose

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the first and second lines of defense is correct?

Accepted Answer

The second line of defense is activated when surface barriers are breached.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of antimicrobial peptides (defensins) in the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit microbial growth by disrupting pathogen membranes.

Question 12

A patient with a genetic defect in dermcidin production would most likely be at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial skin infections

Question 13

Which of the following is a chemical barrier that inhibits microbial growth on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Acid mantle

Question 14

If the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract are damaged, which process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Trapping and removal of inhaled pathogens

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events when a pathogen breaches the skin barrier?

Accepted Answer

Activation of phagocytes and inflammation, followed by adaptive immune response

Innate and Adaptive Immune Defenses: An Overview

Study Guide - Practice Questions