Question 1

Which property of water allows it to absorb a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature, thereby helping to stabilize body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient is suffering from severe dehydration. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the symptoms of dry skin and reduced sweating?

Accepted Answer

Reactivity

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of neutralization in the reaction $ \mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{NaCl} $?

Accepted Answer

An acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the dissociation of NaCl in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Na$^+$ ions are attracted to the negative oxygen regions of water molecules.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $[\mathrm{H}^+]$ in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$1 	imes 10^{-5}$ M

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom is slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive.

Question 7

If a patient’s blood pH drops to 7.2, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The blood is too acidic and has too many $\mathrm{H}^+$ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of a base as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Sodium hydroxide ($\mathrm{NaOH}$)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in blood?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist changes in pH by neutralizing small amounts of added acid or base.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life example of water’s cushioning property?

Accepted Answer

Water forming a fluid cushion around a developing fetus

Question 11

A solution has a pH of 9. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is basic and has a high $[\mathrm{OH}^-]$ concentration.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a salt, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{NaCl}$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can surround both cations and anions.

Question 15

A solution has a $[\mathrm{OH}^-]$ concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-10}$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

pH = 4

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $\mathrm{H}^+$ ions in solution.

Question 17

If the concentration of $[\mathrm{H}^+]$ in a solution is $1 	imes 10^{-8}$ M, what is the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

pH = 8

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between $[\mathrm{H}^+]$ and $[\mathrm{OH}^-]$ in pure water at 25°C?

Accepted Answer

$[\mathrm{H}^+] = [\mathrm{OH}^-]$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a blood pH outside the range of 7.35–7.45?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity in the body may be impaired, leading to health problems.

Inorganic Compounds and Water: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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