Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They produce keratin, which waterproofs the skin and protects from abrasion.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects the entire epidermis and the upper region of the dermis, resulting in blisters and severe pain. According to the classification of burns, what type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the skin appears red and swollen during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the ABCD rule for recognizing melanoma?

Accepted Answer

A stands for asymmetry, B for border irregularity, C for color variation, D for diameter greater than 6 mm.

Question 5

Which of the following sweat glands are primarily responsible for thermoregulation and are most numerous on the palms, soles, and forehead?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands

Question 6

A 10-year-old child presents with bowed legs and delayed growth. Laboratory tests reveal low plasma calcium levels. Which bone disorder is most likely present, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Rickets due to vitamin D deficiency

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the perichondrium in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It provides nutrients to cartilage cells and resists outward expansion.

Question 8

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone and is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone

Question 9

A patient with a plasma calcium level of $$6.5\ \mathrm{mg/dL} ($$normal: $$9-11\ \mathrm{mg/dL}) is at $$risk for which of the following, and what is the immediate physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Tetany; increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Bone adapts to the loads under which it is placed.

Question 11

A greenstick fracture is most likely to occur in which population, and why?

Accepted Answer

Children, due to the flexibility of their bones

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

They have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 13

Which type of synovial joint allows movement in multiple axes (triaxial) and is exemplified by the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 14

A patient presents with pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints, and laboratory tests reveal the presence of autoantibodies. Which type of arthritis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the difference between friction ridges, cleavage lines, and flexure lines in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Friction ridges are responsible for fingerprints, cleavage lines indicate the orientation of collagen fibers, and flexure lines are dermal folds at joints.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Producing new bone matrix

Question 19

A patient with a spiral fracture of the femur most likely sustained the injury through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Twisting force applied to the bone

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the osteoid seam and calcification front in bone formation?

Accepted Answer

The osteoid seam is the area of new bone matrix not yet mineralized; the calcification front is where mineralization begins.

Integumentary System, Skeletal System, and Joints: Study Guide

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