Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for insulation and shock absorption, and is not considered part of the skin itself?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is painless and affects the entire thickness of the skin. Which degree of burn does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis functions as a sensory receptor for touch?

Accepted Answer

Merkel cell

Question 4

What is the main function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a chemical barrier to UV radiation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Flattened, anucleated, keratinized cells that protect deeper layers and prevent water loss

Question 6

A person living closer to the equator is likely to have darker skin due to increased production of which pigment?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 7

Which gland is responsible for producing sebum, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland; softens hair and skin

Question 8

During strenuous exercise, blood is shunted away from the skin to the muscles. Approximately what percentage of the body's blood volume can the skin accommodate as a reservoir?

Accepted Answer

$$5\%$$

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 10

A patient has a genetic defect resulting in nonfunctional desmosomes in the epidermis. Which cell type would be most affected, and what would be the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes; loss of skin integrity and increased blistering

Question 11

Which sweat gland type is most numerous and plays a key role in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 12

Which of the following substances can penetrate the skin due to its lipid solubility?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 13

Which cell type in the epidermis acts as a macrophage and is important for immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans (dendritic) cell

Question 14

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, and is essential for calcium absorption in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 15

A person notices yellow-orange pigmentation in their palms and soles after consuming large amounts of carrots. Which pigment is responsible for this coloration?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 16

Which structure is responsible for causing 'goosebumps' when a person is cold or frightened?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 17

Which type of skin cancer arises from melanocytes and is known for its high ability to metastasize and resistance to chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 18

If a person loses approximately 90 scalp hairs per day, and each hair grows at a rate of $$2\ \mathrm{mm}$$ per week, how much does a single hair grow in one month (assume 4 weeks)?

Accepted Answer

$$8\ \mathrm{mm}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 20

Which layer of the skin contains most of the nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, and supports the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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