Question 1

Which of the following is a primary chemical barrier function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Sweat and oily secretions kill bacteria.

Question 2

A patient presents with a deficiency in vitamin D. Which metabolic function of the skin is most directly related to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D upon exposure to UV light.

Question 3

During cold environmental conditions, blood vessels in the skin constrict. What is the physiological consequence of this response?

Accepted Answer

Decreased skin temperature and reduced heat loss.

Question 4

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the formation of friction ridges (fingerprints)?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer of the dermis.

Question 5

What is the main function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Provides insulation and shock absorption.

Question 6

Which cell type in the epidermis is most abundant and responsible for producing keratin?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes.

Question 7

Persistent friction in certain areas of the body leads to the formation of calluses. Which process is responsible for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced mitotic activity of keratinocytes.

Question 8

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells that are dead and provides most of the epidermal thickness?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum.

Question 9

A patient with liver failure presents with jaundice. Which pigment is responsible for the yellowish appearance of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin.

Question 10

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous and plays a major role in body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland.

Question 11

A patient presents with a scaly, red lesion on their hand that has not healed for several weeks. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Activate immune responses against pathogens.

Question 13

Which pigment is responsible for the pinkish hue of skin, especially in light-skinned individuals?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin.

Question 14

A third-degree burn affects which layers of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Full thickness: epidermis and entire dermis.

Question 15

Which structure anchors the skin to underlying muscle tissue and provides insulation?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between sweat loss and body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = m 	imes L$$

Question 17

A patient is exposed to excessive UV light and develops a rapidly spreading dark lesion originating from a pre-existing mole. Which skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma.

Question 18

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for mitotic cell division and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Kills bacteria and lubricates skin and hair.

Question 20

A person with albinism has a genetic mutation affecting which protein involved in melanin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosinase.

Integumentary System: Structure and Function (Chapter 5 Study Notes)

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