Q: Which equation best represents the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin upon exposure to UV light?

$$ 7\text{-dehydrocholesterol} \xrightarrow{UV\ light} \text{cholecalciferol (vitamin D}_3\text{)} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 2

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 3

A patient presents with a skin lesion that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter greater than 6 mm. Which rule is being applied to assess the risk of melanoma?

Accepted Answer

ABCDE rule

Question 4

Which cell type in the stratum basale is responsible for producing melanin?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Produce sebum to soften hair and inhibit microbial growth

Question 6

Which layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers, and is responsible for forming dermal papillae?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer

Question 7

What is the main difference between vellus hair and terminal hair?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair is thin and unpigmented, while terminal hair is thick and pigmented

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for causing 'goosebumps' by contracting and raising the hair?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 9

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and releases a watery secretion directly onto the skin surface?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 10

Which modified sweat gland produces milk?

Accepted Answer

Mammary gland

Question 11

A patient has a wound that penetrates through the epidermis and into the reticular layer of the dermis. Which tissue type is primarily affected in the reticular layer?

Accepted Answer

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 12

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the most active cell division to replace lost superficial cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It is technically not part of the skin

Question 14

Which of the following is a chemical barrier provided by the skin?

Accepted Answer

Secretions and melanin

Question 15

Which part of the nail is responsible for its growth?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why apocrine sweat glands produce odor?

Accepted Answer

Their secretions contain fatty substances and proteins that are decomposed by bacteria

Question 17

Which equation best represents the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin upon exposure to UV light?

Accepted Answer

$$ 7	ext{-dehydrocholesterol} \xrightarrow{UV\ light} 	ext{cholecalciferol (vitamin D}_3	ext{)} $$

Question 18

Which of the following is a biological barrier provided by the skin?

Accepted Answer

Immune response by leukocytes

Question 19

Which structure anchors the skin to underlying tissues and is composed mostly of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of malfunctioning eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Impaired thermoregulation leading to heat stroke

Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Accessory Organs

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