Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a 'physical barrier' in the body's defense system?

Accepted Answer

It contains keratin and oil, which protect against desiccation and mechanical injury.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and blisters are forming. Which layer(s) of the skin are most likely affected, and what is the classification of this burn?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and part of the dermis; second-degree burn

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of mitotic cell division, generating new keratinocytes.

Question 4

A person with a genetic mutation causing a lack of melanocytes would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Absence of skin pigmentation and increased sensitivity to UV radiation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

It forms an uneven junction with the epidermis and is responsible for fingerprints.

Question 6

A patient is experiencing excessive heat loss due to a large surface area and minimal subcutaneous fat. Which equation best represents the heat loss from the body?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = h A (T_{skin} - T_{env})$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 8

A person with a third-degree burn over 18% of their body surface area is at greatest risk for which of the following complications in the first 24 hours?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration due to loss of the skin's barrier function

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands secrete fluid that evaporates, carrying away heat.

Question 10

A patient with a mutation in the gene for collagen synthesis would most likely have which of the following skin abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Reduced tensile strength and increased skin fragility

Question 11

Which of the following statements about wound healing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Secondary healing occurs when wound edges are not closely apposed, leading to more granulation tissue.

Question 12

A person with a basal cell carcinoma is most likely to have which of the following risk factors?

Accepted Answer

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to cause hair to stand upright, producing 'goosebumps'.

Question 14

A patient with a mutation that prevents the production of keratin would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Dry, fragile skin prone to desiccation and infection

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of the five layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial in thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 16

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing a watery secretion that helps cool the body and is most abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 17

A patient with jaundice has a yellowish skin color. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of bilirubin due to liver dysfunction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the 'Rule of Nines' in burn assessment?

Accepted Answer

It divides the body into regions of 9% (or multiples of 9%) to estimate total body surface area affected by burns.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the process of thermoregulation by the skin?

Accepted Answer

When body temperature rises, sweat glands are activated and dermal blood vessels dilate to increase heat loss.

Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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