Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Keratized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) attached to a thick layer of connective tissue (dermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a blister caused by friction. Which layer of the skin is most likely separated in this injury?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and dermis

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the serous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Produces fluids to reduce friction between organs and cavity walls

Question 4

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for producing new keratinocytes through mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 5

A burn patient has lost the outermost protective barrier of the skin. Which layer has been compromised?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why calluses form on the skin?

Accepted Answer

Due to repeated friction or pressure, the protective response produces more keratinocytes in the stratum corneum

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of gland type and secretion method?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat glands – exocytosis (merocrine secretion)

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis is the origin of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Part of the immune defense

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical bond that gives keratin its toughness and durability?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Cysteine\ +\ Cysteine\ \rightarrow\ Cystine\ (disulfide\ bond:\ -S-S-)}$$

Question 11

A patient with chronic exposure to UV radiation is at increased risk for which of the following changes in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Decreased skin repair and increased mutation risk

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Loosely anchors skin to underlying structures, mostly shock absorption and insulation

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to skin infections?

Accepted Answer

Fewer melanocytes and Langerhans cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Raises hair (goosebumps), involved in thermoregulation/fear response

Question 15

A patient presents with a mole that has changed in size, shape, and color over time. According to the 'ABCDE' rule, which warning sign does this represent?

Accepted Answer

E - Evolving

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes are filled with keratin, lose nuclei/organelles, die, and form the outer stratum corneum, creating a strong, protective barrier

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands open into hair follicles and are associated with emotional sweating

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis is avascular?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of tightly packed epithelial cells without blood vessels; nutrients diffuse from the underlying dermis

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Protects DNA from UV radiation

Question 20

A patient with a genetic defect in the amino acid cysteine would most likely have abnormalities in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Keratin structure in hair, nails, and skin

Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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