Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of hair in the human integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient presents with a dark, irregularly shaped lesion on their skin that has changed in appearance over several months. Which type of skin cancer is most likely, and what is a major risk factor for its development?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma; excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of hair production in the follicle?

Accepted Answer

Dividing basal cells in the hair matrix produce hair structure, which is then keratinized and pushed up and out of the skin

Question 4

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing a lipid-rich secretion that lubricates and protects the skin and hair?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands

Question 5

A patient has a burn that covers the entire anterior trunk and the anterior surface of both arms. Using the rule of nines for adults, what percentage of the body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$9\% + 9\% + 18\% = 36\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following changes is NOT typically associated with aging of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of vitamin D

Question 7

A patient presents with a non-healing, pearly nodule on their face. Which type of skin cancer is most likely, and what is a common cause?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma; chronic sun exposure

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between vellus and terminal hairs?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hairs are soft and fine, covering most of the body surface, while terminal hairs are heavy, pigmented, and found on the head, eyebrows, and after puberty in other areas.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature through evaporative cooling

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of hard keratin. Which of the following structures would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Hair and nails

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why a person with liver disease may develop changes in their nail structure?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic disorders, such as liver disease, can alter the production and appearance of nails

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the healing process after a skin injury?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts produce scar tissue after the formation of a fibrin clot and granulation tissue

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the secretion method of sebaceous (oil) glands?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine secretion, where entire cells disintegrate to release their contents

Question 14

A patient has a genetic mutation that causes their arrector pili muscles to be nonfunctional. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Inability to produce 'goosebumps' in response to cold or emotional stimuli

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the distribution of hair on the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hair is absent on the palms, soles, lips, and portions of external genitalia

Question 16

Which of the following glands produces cerumen, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous glands; protect the eardrum by producing earwax

Question 17

A patient with a third-degree burn on the lower limb is at risk for which of the following complications due to the loss of skin function?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and infection due to loss of the protective barrier

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of melanocytes in hair color?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes at the hair papilla produce pigment that determines hair color, which is controlled by genes

Question 19

A patient presents with a sticky, cloudy secretion in the armpit area that becomes more noticeable during stress. Which type of gland is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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