Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous shedding of dead cells and must be replaced from deeper layers to maintain the integrity of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects both the epidermis and the dermis, causing blistering and pain. Which type of burn does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which accessory structure of the skin is responsible for the contraction that causes 'goosebumps'?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 4

If a person has a deficiency in vitamin D synthesis due to lack of sunlight exposure, which function of the integumentary system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Question 5

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the brown coloration of skin and protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically used to identify this type of skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Regular border

Question 7

Which layer of the skin contains tactile (Meissner) corpuscles responsible for detecting light touch?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer of the dermis

Question 8

When body temperature rises above the normal range, which sequence of events occurs according to the homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Control Center → Effector/Response → In Homeostatic Range

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It is deep to the dermis and consists mainly of adipose tissue.

Question 10

A person with a high concentration of carotene in their skin will most likely exhibit which skin color change?

Accepted Answer

Yellowish tint

Question 11

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and is most numerous on the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 12

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the protein that strengthens the skin?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocyte

Question 13

A patient presents with pale skin and is suspected of having anemia. Which pigment is most likely decreased in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 14

Which structure is found at the distal end of the nail plate and is responsible for attaching the nail to the fingertip?

Accepted Answer

Hyponychium

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the reticular layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of tension, or cleavage, lines

Question 16

If the migration of keratinocytes from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes $40$ days, and the epidermis is $0.1$ mm thick, what is the average rate of cell migration in mm/day?

Accepted Answer

$0.0025$ 	ext{ mm/day}$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory structure of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 18

A patient has a mole that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, and is larger than 6 mm. According to the ABCDE rule, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier protecting underlying tissues from trauma and pathogens.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale → Stratum spinosum → Stratum granulosum → Stratum lucidum → Stratum corneum

Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Pathology

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