Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies how those parts work.

Question 2

Which level of structural organization is correctly matched with its example?

Accepted Answer

Organ Level: heart

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a fever. The body responds by sweating to cool down. Which type of feedback loop is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle 'structure and function are related at all levels of organization'?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of alveoli in the lungs allow for efficient gas exchange.

Question 5

A gradient is present when:

Accepted Answer

There is more of something in one area than another and the two areas are connected.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of gradient that drives physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

Color gradient

Question 7

Cell-cell communication is essential for coordinating body functions. Which of the following is an example of cell-cell communication?

Accepted Answer

Neurons releasing neurotransmitters to stimulate muscle contraction.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta C = C_{high} - C_{low} $$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The effector’s activity increases in response to a stimulus, amplifying the initial change.

Question 10

During childbirth, the hormone oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, which in turn cause more oxytocin to be released. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback loop

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of the cellular level of structural organization?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell

Question 12

If the concentration of sodium ions is higher outside a cell than inside, and the membrane is permeable to sodium, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions will move into the cell down their concentration gradient.

Question 13

Which formula represents the calculation of a pressure gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta P = P_{high} - P_{low} $$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical signals to coordinate body activities.

Question 15

Which organ system is correctly matched with two of its organs and two functions?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system: lungs, trachea; gas exchange, regulation of blood pH.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible misconception about negative feedback loops?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loops reverse the initial change to maintain homeostasis.

Question 18

A patient’s blood glucose rises after eating. The pancreas releases insulin, causing cells to take up glucose and lower blood glucose levels. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a correct example of form following function?

Accepted Answer

The thin skin of the stomach prevents absorption of nutrients.

Question 20

Which equation best represents the calculation of a temperature gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta T = T_{high} - T_{low} $$

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Core Principles and Structural Organization

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