Question 1

Which statement best describes the principle of complementarity in Anatomy and Physiology?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function, and function reflects structure; they are inseparable.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

Question 3

A 5-year-old child swallows a penny. Is the penny considered inside or outside the body as it passes through the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Outside the body, because the digestive tract is continuous with the external environment.

Question 4

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 5

Homeostasis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The process of keeping things in balance and maintaining equilibrium.

Question 6

Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used to maintain homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting cascade

Question 8

If the body's temperature regulation system were controlled by positive feedback, what would likely happen?

Accepted Answer

Temperature would continue to rise or fall uncontrollably.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the necessary life functions carried out by organ systems?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

Which organ system is responsible for removing metabolic wastes from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 11

Which two organ systems are primarily responsible for communication and regulation of homeostasis via nerve impulses and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Nervous and endocrine systems

Question 12

A patient has a static imbalance in homeostasis. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of disease and aging-related changes

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the flow of substances in the body?

Accepted Answer

Flow is determined by the gradient and resistance.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between flow, gradient, and resistance in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$Flow = Gradient \div Resistance$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the 12 organ systems of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic system

Question 16

Which life function is directly related to the ability of cells to respond to changes in their environment?

Accepted Answer

Responsiveness

Question 17

Which organ system is primarily responsible for protecting the body from environmental hazards and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 18

A patient with diabetes has elevated plasma glucose. Which feedback mechanism is involved when insulin is released to lower blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the principle of complementarity?

Accepted Answer

The thin walls of capillaries allow for efficient gas exchange.

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of overwhelmed negative feedback mechanisms in the body?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback mechanisms may take over, leading to system failure.

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Major Themes and Foundations

Study Guide - Practice Questions