Question 1

Which of the following best describes a nested hierarchy in the organization of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Each level contains distinct members that are sub-systems of a larger system, and levels are interdependent.

Question 2

In the context of homeostasis, which component is responsible for detecting changes in a regulated variable?

Accepted Answer

Receptor or sensor

Question 3

A patient’s blood glucose level rises after a meal. Which sequence correctly describes the homeostatic response?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Receptor → Control center → Effector

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 5

If the control center in a homeostatic system malfunctions, which outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The regulated variable may deviate from its normal range, leading to imbalance.

Question 6

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Accepted Answer

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 7

A cross-section of the body that separates superior and inferior portions is made along which plane?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 8

Which body cavity protects the nervous system and includes the cranial and vertebral cavities?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal cavity

Question 9

Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pleura

Question 10

During exercise, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to supply oxygen to muscles. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Interdependence of organ systems

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why homeostasis is considered a dynamic process?

Accepted Answer

Values of regulated variables fluctuate within a normal range.

Question 12

A breakdown in homeostatic regulation can lead to disease. Which ancient concept does this idea reflect?

Accepted Answer

Imbalance causes disease.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes

Question 14

Which of the following correctly matches the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of levels in the hierarchical organization of the human body, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 16

A patient is unable to maintain stable blood pressure due to a malfunctioning effector. Which part of the homeostatic feedback loop is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Response to the control center’s signal

Question 17

Which equation best represents the energy cost of maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{total} = E_{maintenance} + E_{growth} + E_{reproduction}$$

Question 18

If a cross-section is made at the level of the diaphragm, which two major body cavities are separated?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of serous fluid between serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between organ surfaces.

Question 20

A medical imaging scan shows a section through the heart that divides it into left and right halves. Which anatomical plane was used?

Accepted Answer

Sagittal (median) plane

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Organization, Hierarchy, and Homeostasis

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