Question 1

Which principle best explains why bones are able to support body organs due to their mineral deposits, and why blood flows in one direction through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Principle of complementarity of structure and function

Question 2

A scientist is studying the microscopic structure of tissues to understand how cells are organized. Which subdivision of anatomy is she focusing on?

Accepted Answer

Histology

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating the most ATP via cellular respiration, and is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the microtubules in their cells. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of vesicles and organelles

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and quality control

Question 6

During cell division, which structure helps organize the mitotic spindle and nucleate microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 7

Which type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 8

A cell is observed to have many fingerlike projections supported by actin filaments, which increase its surface area for absorption. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 9

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is considered the cell’s recycling and digestion system?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which extracellular material provides strength to tissues and acts as a scaffold for tissue architecture?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 11

A muscle cell stores calcium ions for contraction. Which organelle is primarily responsible for this function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 13

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules in its extensions, which beat in a coordinated fashion to move substances across the cell surface. What are these extensions called?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing toxins and breaking down fatty acids

Question 16

If a cell loses its ability to replicate its own circular DNA, which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

Which level of structural organization in the human body is defined as a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Accepted Answer

Tissue level

Question 18

A scientist is interested in the production of bile and the role of the liver in nutrition and regulation of body functions. Which field is he studying?

Accepted Answer

Physiology

Question 19

Which equation best represents the catalase reaction occurring in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the levels of structural organization in the human body, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Structural Organization and the Cell

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