Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Function is determined by structure, so to understand what an organ does, you must understand how it is built.

Question 2

A biologist uses MRI data to compare the shape of the stomach, pyloric sphincter, and esophagus in 100 subjects who complain of regular heartburn and 100 subjects who do not. This approach is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An anatomical approach.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organism

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why it is important to have some knowledge of anatomy in order to study physiology?

Accepted Answer

Because something’s function (physiology) is directly dependent on its structure (anatomy).

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The body increasing heart rate after a drop in blood pressure.

Question 6

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which of the following is a response initiated by the negative feedback loop to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Shivering increases muscle contractions to generate heat.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about positive and negative feedback loops is correct?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loops return a system to a set point, while positive feedback moves the system away.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the anatomical reference body?

Accepted Answer

Sitting, arms crossed, head turned to the side.

Question 9

Which directional term best describes the location of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 10

A surgeon needs to make an incision in the hypogastric region to find a specific organ. Which organ is most likely being targeted?

Accepted Answer

Bladder

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the effector in a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The effector works to restore conditions to the original state.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most lateral part of the body according to anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

The thumbs

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The body producing more oxytocin during childbirth.

Question 14

Which statement about anatomical terms is correct?

Accepted Answer

The orbital region is superior to the occipital region.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Question 16

Which directional term describes the position of the patella relative to the femur?

Accepted Answer

Question 17

A patient presents with a contusion in the hallux region. Where is the injury located?

Accepted Answer

The big toe

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, feet together, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a physiological variable under homeostatic control?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Study Guide

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