Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary metabolic role of glucose in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is the principal source of energy for cellular metabolism.

Question 2

Which chemical formula correctly represents the general structure of a carbohydrate (ose)?

Accepted Answer

$C_n(H_2O)_n$

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with galactosemia, a condition resulting from the inability to convert galactose to glucose. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible for this pathology?

Accepted Answer

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the optical activity of monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides with at least one asymmetric carbon and no plane of symmetry are optically active.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between aldoses and cétoses?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses have a terminal aldehyde group, while cétoses have a non-terminal ketone group.

Question 6

How many possible stereoisomers exist for an aldohexose?

Accepted Answer

$2^4 = 16$

Question 7

Which of the following reactions is responsible for the conversion of glucose to gluconic acid?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of the aldehyde group

Question 8

In the Haworth projection of D-glucopyranose, the orientation of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon determines the type of anomer. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

If the OH group is below the plane, it is the alpha anomer.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is highly branched compared to amylose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen has both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds, with branches every 10 residues.

Question 10

A solution of D-glucose is tested with Fehling's reagent. What is the expected result and why?

Accepted Answer

A red precipitate forms because glucose reduces Cu$^{2+}$ to Cu$_2$O.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of glycosidic bonds in disaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bonds are formed by the condensation of the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide with the hydroxyl group of another.

Question 12

Which of the following is a heteroside?

Accepted Answer

Glycoprotein

Question 13

Which process allows the conversion of an aldose to a cétose in carbohydrate chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Isomerization

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between D- and L- series of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

D-series have the preterminal hydroxyl group on the right in Fischer projection.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the reduction of fructose?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of fructose produces two polyols: D-sorbitol and D-mannitol.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose with beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of glucuronic acid in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by oxidation of the primary alcohol group of glucose and is important for detoxification reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the hydrolysis of disaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of disaccharides is catalyzed by specific enzymes called disaccharidases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of furfural from pentoses?

Accepted Answer

Furfural is formed by the dehydration of pentoses in the presence of strong acid and heat.

Introduction to Biochemistry: Cellular Composition and Classification of Living Organisms

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