Q: A 70 kg adult has approximately 42 liters of total body water. If the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment contains about 28 liters, what percentage of total body water is intracellular?

$$ \frac{28}{42} \times 100 = 66.7\% $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis as introduced by Walter Cannon?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body's internal environment remains stable within certain physiological limits despite drastic outside changes.

Question 2

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a blood potassium level of 2.5 mmol/L. According to the normal and lethal ranges, what is the most likely physiological consequence if this condition is not corrected?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of cellular function leading to possible organ system failure and death.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a major environmental factor necessary for maintaining life, as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Light intensity

Question 4

The cell membrane is described as a selective barrier. Which of the following best explains its role in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances between the intracellular and extracellular fluids, maintaining distinct chemical compositions.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 6

A 70 kg adult has approximately 42 liters of total body water. If the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment contains about 28 liters, what percentage of total body water is intracellular?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{28}{42} 	imes 100 = 66.7\% $$

Question 7

Why is the unequal distribution of sodium ($$Na^+) $$and potassium ($$K^+) $$ions across the cell membrane essential for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It is necessary for generating membrane potentials and proper nerve and muscle function.

Question 8

Which organ is primarily responsible for controlling the electrolyte composition of the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 9

A patient has a blood pH of 6.8. According to the study materials, what is the most likely outcome if this pH is not rapidly corrected?

Accepted Answer

Severe disruption of cellular processes leading to death.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between negative and positive feedback mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback reverses the original stimulus, while positive feedback amplifies it.

Question 11

If the capillary walls are highly permeable to fluids and small solutes but restrict passage of proteins, what is the expected difference in protein concentration between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Plasma will have a higher protein concentration than interstitial fluid.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a disruption in homeostasis leading to disease?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled blood glucose levels resulting in diabetes.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why equilibrium (equal distribution of ions) across the cell membrane is incompatible with life?

Accepted Answer

It eliminates the electrochemical gradients necessary for cellular processes.

Question 14

A person is exposed to a cold environment, causing their body temperature to drop. Which of the following best describes the body's response according to negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

Shivering increases to generate heat, raising body temperature back to normal.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the nervous and endocrine systems in homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system acts quickly and has short-lasting effects, while the endocrine system acts slowly and has long-lasting effects.

Question 16

A patient is found to have a body temperature of 41°C. According to the study materials, what is the likely consequence if this temperature is not reduced?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of homeostasis leading to organ failure and possible death.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why blood analysis is important in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

It provides information about the state of the extracellular fluid and helps assess homeostatic balance.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of uterine contractions during childbirth.

Question 19

If a person loses the ability to maintain homeostasis, what is the most likely sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of cellular organization → loss of tissue/organ function → organ system failure → death

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the concept of dynamic equilibrium in physiology?

Accepted Answer

A state where opposing forces are balanced but constantly adjusted to maintain homeostasis.

Introduction to Homeostasis and Body Fluid Compartments in Anatomy & Physiology

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