Question 1

Which statement best describes the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic structure containing a phospholipid bilayer and various membrane proteins.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport (e.g., sodium-potassium pump)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 5

What is the main function of ciliated cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To increase absorption of nutrients and help move waste toward the large intestine.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the net movement of molecules during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 8

A patient is experiencing rapid chemical reactions in their body due to a fever. Which survival need is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Normal body temperature

Question 9

Which process describes the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

Which organ system is primarily responsible for eliminating metabolic waste from the body?

Accepted Answer

Excretory (urinary) system

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is a survival need for humans?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is required for chemical reactions that produce energy (ATP) in cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of maintaining boundaries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane separating the inside of the cell from the outside environment.

Question 13

Which process involves the cell taking in large particles by engulfing them with its membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis (a type of endocytosis)

Question 14

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins or ion channels to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of structure, and physiology is the study of function.

Question 17

Which equation represents the production of energy (ATP) during cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the levels of structural organization in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

Question 19

Which process describes the release of material from a cell in membrane-wrapped packages?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 20

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Number of chromosomes in the cell

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Cellular Organization

Study Guide - Practice Questions