Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between teleological and mechanistic explanations in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Teleological explanations describe why a process occurs, while mechanistic explanations describe how it occurs.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that make up more than 90% of the human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 3

A scientist is studying the mechanism by which hemoglobin carries oxygen. Which type of explanation is she using?

Accepted Answer

Mechanistic

Question 4

Which system is primarily responsible for removing excess wastes from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid’s structure?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans?

Accepted Answer

Thermogenesis

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a biomolecule category found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Silicates

Question 8

A peptide is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A chain of two or more amino acids

Question 9

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protein-ligand binding is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protein-ligand binding requires molecular complementarity.

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the equilibrium constant ($$K_{eq}) $$for the reversible binding of a protein (P) and ligand (L) to form a complex (PL)?

Accepted Answer

$$K_{eq} = \frac{[PL]}{[P][L]}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example supporting the hypothesis that life may have originated at deep ocean hydrothermal vents?

Accepted Answer

Presence of geochemically reactive habitats supporting autotrophic prokaryotes

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage as glycogen

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of a steroid molecule?

Accepted Answer

Four fused carbon rings

Question 16

Which of the following ions is a major cation found in the human body and is essential for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules in nature.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a mutation that alters the 'R' group of an amino acid in a protein’s primary structure?

Accepted Answer

Altered protein folding and potentially changed function

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Urey-Miller experiment?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated the formation of amino acids from inorganic precursors under simulated early Earth conditions.

Introduction to Physiology and Biomolecules: Structure, Function, and Interactions

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