Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of structure, while physiology is the study of normal functions and processes of living organisms.

Question 2

Which organ system is primarily responsible for removing excess water and waste from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 3

A researcher wants to minimize the placebo and nocebo effects in a drug trial. Which experimental design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind crossover study

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin to lower blood glucose after a meal

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative, creating partial charges on the molecule.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 7

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 7$$

Question 8

Which of the following biomolecules is most abundant in the human body and has the general formula $$(CH_2O)_n$$?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 9

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 10

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

They are in a state of acidosis.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between molecules and compounds?

Accepted Answer

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Protects the internal environment from foreign invaders

Question 13

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A buffer minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrophobic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride (fat)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why antioxidants are important in the body?

Accepted Answer

They can give up an electron without becoming a free radical themselves.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule and its function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – catalyze chemical reactions

Question 18

A scientist is designing an experiment to test a new drug. Which of the following is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The dose of the drug administered

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of peptide bonds in proteins?

Accepted Answer

They link amino acids together.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak, partial attraction between a hydrogen atom and a nearby fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.

Introduction to Physiology and Molecular Interactions: Foundational Concepts for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions