Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a basic way that hormones act in the body?

Accepted Answer

Directly catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 2

A researcher suspects a gland is responsible for a certain endocrine disorder. According to classic steps, which sequence should they follow to confirm the gland’s role?

Accepted Answer

Remove the suspected gland, replace the hormone, create hormone excess

Question 3

Which property is essential for a chemical to be classified as a hormone?

Accepted Answer

It must be secreted into the blood and exert its effect at very low concentrations

Question 4

Peptide hormones are synthesized as large, inactive precursors called preprohormones. What is the correct sequence for their activation?

Accepted Answer

Preprohormone → Prohormone → Active hormone

Question 5

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in their mechanism of action. Which statement best describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors and alter gene expression

Question 6

Which hormone is derived from tryptophan and secreted by the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 7

In a simple endocrine reflex, which component acts as the sensor?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine cell

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system is important because:

Accepted Answer

It ensures small amounts of concentrated hormone reach the anterior pituitary directly

Question 10

Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates hormone synthesis and secretion in the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 11

During the fed state, which hormone dominates and what is its primary effect on plasma glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; lowers plasma glucose

Question 12

Which cell type in the Islets of Langerhans secretes glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Alpha cells

Question 13

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is prone to ketoacidosis because:

Accepted Answer

Insulin deficiency causes cells to switch to fat metabolism, producing ketones

Question 14

Which feedback mechanism is most dominant in the hypothalamic-pituitary pathway?

Accepted Answer

Long-loop negative feedback

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a permissive hormone interaction?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone allows reproductive hormones to fully exert their effects

Question 16

A patient presents with hypersecretion of cortisol due to a tumor in the adrenal cortex. This is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Primary pathology

Question 17

Down-regulation of hormone receptors is a response to:

Accepted Answer

Abnormally high hormone levels

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between plasma glucose concentration and insulin secretion in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

$$Insulin\ secretion \propto [Glucose]_{plasma}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus using fasting blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\u003e125\ mg/dL$$

Question 20

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Introduction to the Endocrine System: Hormones, Regulation, and Pathologies

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards