Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Octet Rule as it applies to atoms in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their outermost shell contains exactly 8 electrons.

Question 2

A neutral atom of sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

11

Question 3

Which force is responsible for the attraction between two masses, such as the Earth and the Moon?

Accepted Answer

Gravitational force

Question 4

If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number and which element is it?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number 6, Carbon

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly relates pressure, temperature, and volume for a gas in a container?

Accepted Answer

$P = \frac{nRT}{V}$

Question 6

An atom of calcium (Ca) has an atomic number of 20. How many protons and electrons does a neutral calcium atom have?

Accepted Answer

20 protons and 20 electrons

Question 7

Which statement best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a stable electron configuration, often by filling their outermost shell

Question 8

Which of the following is true about ions?

Accepted Answer

Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons.

Question 9

A molecule of water ($H_2O$) is formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between energy and concentration gradients in cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy is released when molecules move down their concentration gradient.

Question 11

If an atom has an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

18

Question 12

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an ion with a $+1$ charge?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the concept of electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with anemia due to a deficiency in iron. Which property of iron makes it essential for oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron's ability to reversibly bind oxygen due to its variable oxidation states

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are generally unreactive?

Accepted Answer

They have a full complement of electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between mass, acceleration, and force?

Accepted Answer

$F = m 	imes a$

Question 17

A solution contains a higher concentration of solute outside a cell than inside. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine (F)

Question 20

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will gain water and swell.

sudy guide lab 2

Study Guide - Practice Questions