Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the shoulder joint is more prone to dislocation compared to the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

The shoulder joint has a shallow glenoid cavity and relies more on muscle and ligament support, resulting in high mobility but low stability.

Question 2

A soccer player twists their ankle so that the sole of the foot turns inward. Which movement has occurred, and which muscle group is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Inversion; medial compartment muscles

Question 3

Which of the following is a key evolutionary adaptation that allowed humans to walk upright (bipedalism)?

Accepted Answer

Transformation of the pelvic girdle to provide stable support for upright walking

Question 4

A patient is unable to move their arm away from the midline of the body. Which movement is impaired, and which joint type primarily allows this action?

Accepted Answer

Abduction; ball and socket joint

Question 5

Which of the following factors can be modified to improve joint stability in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tone

Question 6

During a physical exam, a patient is asked to 'take their foot off the gas pedal.' Which movement is being tested, and what is the anatomical term for this action?

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the trade-off between joint stability and mobility?

Accepted Answer

Joints with high mobility, such as the shoulder, are generally less stable.

Question 8

A patient presents with hypermobility in several joints. Which of the following is most likely true about their ligament structure?

Accepted Answer

They have fewer or more lax ligaments than average.

Question 9

Which of the following joint types allows for rotation around a single axis, as seen in the movement between the first and second cervical vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Pivot joint

Question 10

Which ligament transforms the greater sciatic notch into a foramen, allowing passage of the sciatic nerve?

Accepted Answer

Sacrospinous ligament

Question 11

A patient is unable to elevate their shoulders but can depress them. Which movement is impaired, and which muscle group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Elevation; upper trapezius muscles

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of an osteon?

Accepted Answer

Perfect cylinder with concentric layers and a central Haversian canal for blood vessels

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of upper and lower limb bone equivalents?

Accepted Answer

Radius (upper limb) and tibia (lower limb)

Question 14

Which joint type is classified as biaxial and allows both flexion/extension and abduction/adduction?

Accepted Answer

Saddle joint

Question 15

A patient is unable to perform pronation and supination of the forearm. Which joint is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Proximal radioulnar (pivot) joint

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the lower limb attachment to the axial skeleton provides greater stability than the upper limb attachment?

Accepted Answer

The lower limb attaches directly to the sacrum through bone-to-bone connections.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pelvic girdle?

Accepted Answer

Allowing maximum mobility for reaching and grasping

Question 18

Which of the following statements about muscle tone and joint health is correct?

Accepted Answer

Increasing muscle tone can improve joint stability by providing tension across the joint.

Question 19

Which movement is described as moving a body part forward, such as the jaw or scapula?

Accepted Answer

Protraction

Question 20

A patient is unable to perform abduction and adduction at the wrist. Which joint type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Condylar joint

Joints and Bone Structure: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards