Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the ATP yield from glycolysis during anaerobic muscle activity?

$$ \text{Glucose} + 2\ \text{ADP} + 2\ \text{P}_i \rightarrow 2\ \text{Lactate} + 2\ \text{ATP} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a diarthrosis joint?

Accepted Answer

A freely movable joint, such as the shoulder or knee

Question 2

Which structural type of joint is characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Question 3

A patient presents with limited movement in the pubic symphysis after childbirth. Which type of joint is the pubic symphysis, and what is its main structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Cartilaginous joint; fibrocartilage pad

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the functional and structural classification of joints?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joints are always diarthroses

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral disc

Question 6

A lever system in the human body where the fulcrum is between the load and the effort is classified as which type of lever? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

First-class lever; atlanto-occipital joint (nodding the head)

Question 7

Which muscle acts as the agonist during elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na+/K+ ATPase in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the ATP yield from glycolysis during anaerobic muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Glucose} + 2\ 	ext{ADP} + 2\ 	ext{P}_i ightarrow 2\ 	ext{Lactate} + 2\ 	ext{ATP} $$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sliding-filament mechanism of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Thin filaments slide past thick filaments, shortening the sarcomere

Question 11

A patient is unable to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 12

Which of the following statements about type I and type II muscle fibers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Type I fibers are slow-twitch and rely on oxidative metabolism

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine binds to receptors, causing sodium influx and action potential

Question 14

Which of the following is a unique feature of cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 15

Which movement is possible at a ball-and-socket joint but NOT at a hinge joint?

Accepted Answer

Rotation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of a synergist muscle?

Accepted Answer

It assists the agonist in performing a movement

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches a muscle with its action?

Accepted Answer

Sternocleidomastoid – flexion of the neck

Question 18

During a muscle twitch, which phase corresponds to the time when calcium ions are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation period

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Thin filaments are anchored to the Z disc

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why smooth muscle can sustain contractions for longer periods than skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle uses less ATP and contracts more slowly

Joints and Muscle Tissue: Classification, Structure, and Function

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