Question 1

Which of the following best describes a synchondrosis joint, and where is a classic example found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A cartilaginous joint united by hyaline cartilage; found at the epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of all synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Direct connection by hyaline cartilage only

Question 3

A patient presents with swelling and pain in the knee after a twisting injury. MRI reveals damage to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus. This injury is commonly referred to as damage to the '3 C's' of the knee. Which structures are the '3 C's'?

Accepted Answer

Collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, and cartilage (menisci)

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why Lyme disease is less common on the West Coast of the USA?

Accepted Answer

The tick species that transmits Lyme disease is less prevalent on the West Coast

Question 5

Which of the following movements is correctly matched with its description and example?

Accepted Answer

Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending the elbow

Question 6

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 7

During the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, which event occurs at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the regeneration of ATP by creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Creatine\ phosphate + ADP \rightarrow Creatine + ATP}$$

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Which of the following best describes the underlying cause of muscle weakness in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storing calcium ions for the entire body

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle fiber excitation?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal → Acetylcholine released → Acetylcholine binds to receptors on sarcolemma → Local depolarization

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a synovial joint type and a real-life example?

Accepted Answer

Pivot joint – Atlantoaxial joint between C1 and C2 vertebrae

Question 14

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the stability of synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Amount of synovial fluid produced

Question 15

A patient receives a Botox injection to treat muscle spasms. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which Botox reduces muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic neuron

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between bursae and tendon sheaths?

Accepted Answer

Bursae are flattened sacs that reduce friction between bone and soft tissue; tendon sheaths are elongated bursae that wrap around tendons

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the four steps of the cross bridge cycle during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Cross bridge formation → Power stroke → Cross bridge detachment → Cocking of myosin head

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the cause of rigor mortis after death?

Accepted Answer

Lack of ATP prevents detachment of myosin heads from actin

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct comparison between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease due to wear and tear; rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the synovial membrane

Joints and Muscle Tissue: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology I (Chapters 8 & 9)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards