Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons and muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to pump 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the resting membrane potential.

Question 2

A patient presents with progressive muscle weakness and is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of their symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Loss of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction due to an autoimmune response.

Question 3

Which of the following joint types allows for the greatest range of motion and is classified as triaxial?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which region of the sarcomere remains the same length?

Accepted Answer

A-band

Question 5

A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is typically performed between vertebrae L3-L4 or L4-L5. Why is this location chosen?

Accepted Answer

It is below the spinal cord, where only the cauda equina is present, reducing risk of injury.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

An action potential reaches the axon terminal, acetylcholine is released, and binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, triggering depolarization.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Slowing heart rate and promoting digestion

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the myelin sheath is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of concentric layers of plasma membrane that insulate axons and increase conduction speed.

Question 9

A virus attacks motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle atrophy and paralysis. Which disease is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Polio

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$synaptic transmission at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

They trigger the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure and function of the spinal meninges?

Accepted Answer

The arachnoid mater is the middle layer and houses cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between a chemical and an electrical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters and are more flexible, while electrical synapses transmit ions directly and are faster.

Question 13

A person is standing on their tiptoes. Which movement is primarily responsible for this action?

Accepted Answer

Plantar flexion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of bursae in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction and act as shock absorbers where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron – sensory information from the periphery to the CNS

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why rigor mortis occurs after death?

Accepted Answer

Lack of ATP prevents myosin from detaching from actin, causing muscles to stiffen.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling voluntary movements such as walking and writing

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) to $$trigger contraction and reabsorbs them for relaxation.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of the spinal cord and its nerves?

Accepted Answer

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each containing both sensory and motor fibers.

Joints, Muscle, and Nervous System: ANP Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards