Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid breathing and sweating after running a marathon. Which feedback mechanism is most likely responsible for returning the body to normal temperature?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which of the following is the most abundant element in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

The diaphragm creates a physical barrier between which two major body cavities?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 9

A patient is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypertonic to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It forms protective barriers and lines body surfaces.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 13

A patient with a genetic disorder is unable to produce insulin, a protein hormone. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It counteracts changes in a variable to maintain a set point.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed of one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 20

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Key Concepts and Sample Questions for Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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