Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Which trace element deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 3

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical bonding properties of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 4

An atom of sodium (Na) loses one electron. What type of ion does it become?

Accepted Answer

Cation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to absorb and release large amounts of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 7

A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 grams of glucose in 100 mL of water. In this scenario, which is the solute?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water into ions?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions in solution

Question 10

A strong acid is added to pure water. What happens to the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joins smaller molecules to form larger ones, consuming energy

Question 12

Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 13

Which carbohydrate is the primary source of energy for cells and is commonly referred to as 'blood sugar'?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water; dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water

Question 15

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is used to make bile salts and steroid hormones

Question 17

A mutation changes the amino acid sequence of a protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein’s structure and function may be altered

Question 18

Which of the following correctly pairs the nucleic acid with its sugar component?

Accepted Answer

DNA – deoxyribose

Question 19

Which base pairing is found in DNA but NOT in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine–Thymine

Question 20

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which property of water is most directly involved in protecting the patient’s organs from physical trauma?

Accepted Answer

Cushioning

Key Concepts in Chemistry & Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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