Question 1

Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the eyelids, and what would be the likely consequence of its paralysis?

Accepted Answer

Orbicularis oculi; inability to close the eyelids, leading to dry eyes

Question 2

A patient presents with foot drop, which is characterized by difficulty dorsiflexing the foot. Which muscle and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Tibialis anterior; deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Accepted Answer

Flexes the neck and rotates the head to the opposite side

Question 4

A patient is unable to abduct their arm beyond 15 degrees. Which muscle is most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 5

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell, and what is its Roman numeral designation?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve; I

Question 6

During a lumbar puncture, the needle passes through several layers. Which of the following correctly lists the order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater $$\rightarrow$$ arachnoid mater $$\rightarrow$$ pia mater

Question 7

Which of the following muscles is part of the quadriceps femoris group and is located most medially?

Accepted Answer

Vastus medialis

Question 8

A patient has difficulty flexing their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely weakened?

Accepted Answer

Brachialis

Question 9

Damage to which nerve would most likely result in loss of sensation to the lateral forearm and weakness in elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 10

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating heart rate and breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 11

A patient presents with Bell's palsy, which affects facial expression. Which cranial nerve is involved?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 13

A patient is unable to extend their knee. Which muscle group is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of the spinal meninges from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater $$\rightarrow$$ arachnoid mater $$\rightarrow$$ pia mater

Question 15

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm and is essential for breathing?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 16

A patient has lost the ability to shrug their shoulders and turn their head to the opposite side. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve (XI)

Question 17

Which of the following muscles is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 18

Which structure contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 19

A patient is unable to flex their wrist and fingers. Which nerve is most likely injured?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance

Lab Exam 2 Review: Muscles, Nervous System, and Brain Anatomy

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards