Question 1

A slide shows a gland with colloid-filled follicles surrounded by cuboidal epithelial cells. Which gland is this, and what hormone does it primarily secrete?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland; thyroxine (T4)

Question 2

A patient with blood type AB$$^+$$ needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can safely donate to this patient?

Accepted Answer

Any blood type

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the path of a drop of blood starting in the right atrium and ending in the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle

Question 4

On a blood smear slide, you observe a cell with a multilobed nucleus and pale granules. What is the most likely identity of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 5

A model of the heart shows a structure separating the right atrium from the right ventricle. What is the name of this valve, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve; prevents backflow into the right atrium

Question 6

You are shown a slide of the trachea. Which histological feature distinguishes the trachea from the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Question 7

A patient with type O$$^-$$ blood needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can safely donate to this patient?

Accepted Answer

O$$^-$$ only

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the adrenal cortex as seen in a histological slide?

Accepted Answer

Secretes steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone

Question 9

When comparing an artery and a vein under the microscope, which feature is most characteristic of an artery?

Accepted Answer

Thicker tunica media with more smooth muscle

Question 10

A blood typing tray shows agglutination in anti-A and anti-Rh wells, but not in anti-B. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

A$$^+$$

Question 11

Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose

Question 12

A model of the respiratory system shows branching airways ending in small sacs. What is the name of these sacs, and what is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli; gas exchange

Question 13

Which of the following correctly traces the path of air from the external environment to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 14

A slide of the pituitary gland shows two distinct regions: one darker and one lighter. Which hormones are secreted by the darker region?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

A patient with type B$$^-$$ blood receives type AB$$^+$$ blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 17

A slide of the adrenal gland shows three distinct layers in the cortex. Which layer is responsible for producing aldosterone, and what is its name?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa; produces aldosterone

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary veins?

Accepted Answer

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which histological change would you most likely observe in the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Large colloid-filled follicles with flattened epithelial cells

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Veins carry blood under lower pressure and need valves to prevent backflow

Lab Practical 1 Study Guide: Endocrine, Respiratory, and Circulatory Systems

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