Question 1

A blood sample shows agglutination with anti-A and anti-B sera, but not with anti-Rh serum. Which blood type is indicated by this result?

Accepted Answer

Type AB negative

Question 2

Which leukocyte is most abundant in a normal blood sample, and what is its typical percentage?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil, 50-70%

Question 3

A patient with blood type O negative receives type A positive blood. What will happen and why?

Accepted Answer

A transfusion reaction will occur because the recipient's anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies will attack the donor's RBCs.

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for separating the right and left ventricles in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Interventricular septum

Question 5

In fetal circulation, which structure allows blood to bypass the lungs, and what is its adult remnant?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale; fossa ovalis

Question 6

Which histological feature distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle under the microscope?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 7

A drop of blood travels from the left ventricle to the right atrium. Which sequence correctly traces its path?

Accepted Answer

Aorta → systemic arteries → capillaries → systemic veins → superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium

Question 8

Which layer of an artery is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 9

A fetal pig dissection reveals the left subclavian artery. Which region does this artery supply?

Accepted Answer

Upper limb and shoulder

Question 10

Which vein returns blood from the lower limbs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Femoral vein

Question 11

Given a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg, calculate the pulse pressure.

Accepted Answer

$$ Pulse\ Pressure = Systolic\ BP - Diastolic\ BP = 120 - 80 = 40\ mmHg $$

Question 12

Calculate the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) for a blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

$$ MAP = Diastolic\ BP + \frac{1}{3}(Systolic\ BP - Diastolic\ BP) = 85 + \frac{1}{3}(130 - 85) = 85 + \frac{1}{3}(45) = 85 + 15 = 100\ mmHg $$

Question 13

On an EKG tracing, the QRS complex represents:

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 14

If the time between two R waves on an EKG is 0.8 seconds, what is the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

$$ Heart\ Rate = \frac{60}{0.8} = 75\ bpm $$

Question 15

Which equipment is standard for measuring blood pressure in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

Sphygmomanometer

Question 16

During exercise, which physiological change is expected in pulse and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Both pulse and systolic blood pressure increase

Question 17

Which artery supplies blood to the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the isoelectric point on an EKG?

Accepted Answer

The baseline where there is no net electrical activity

Question 19

Which structure prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 20

A patient has a prolonged QT interval on their EKG. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Delayed ventricular repolarization

Laboratory Practical Study Guide: Blood, Heart, and Circulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions