Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph from the lymphatic capillaries back to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct → subclavian vein

Question 2

Which lymphatic tissue is classified as MALT and is primarily found in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts?

Accepted Answer

Peyer's patches

Question 3

What is the primary function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 5

A patient has an infection in the ileum of the small intestine. Which lymphatic structure is most likely to respond first?

Accepted Answer

Peyer's patches

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the anatomy and function of the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Located in the mediastinum; site of T cell maturation

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between active and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity involves the production of antibodies by the body, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source.

Question 8

Which of the following cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Question 9

What is opsonization in the context of the immune response?

Accepted Answer

The process by which pathogens are coated with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the membrane attack complex (MAC) formed during complement activation?

Accepted Answer

It creates pores in the pathogen's membrane, leading to cell lysis

Question 11

A patient receives an injection of antibodies against rabies after being bitten by a potentially rabid animal. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificial passive immunity

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs first during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 13

Which cells present antigens with both Class I and Class II MHC molecules?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 14

What is the main function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells

Question 15

Which of the following is a key advantage of adaptive immunity over innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It provides a specific response and memory against pathogens

Question 16

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of the rate of lymph flow ($Q$) through a vessel, given the pressure difference ($\Delta P$) and resistance ($R$)?

Accepted Answer

$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes binding to C1 protein

Question 18

A child is exposed to chickenpox and develops immunity after recovering. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Natural active immunity

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells?

Accepted Answer

Suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocyte mobilization during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis → margination → diapedesis → chemotaxis

Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Key Concepts and Functions

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