Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which lymph is propelled through lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

Pressure gradients created by skeletal muscle contraction and respiratory movements

Question 2

A patient presents with swollen, tender lymph nodes in the neck. Which of the following best explains the underlying pathology known as 'buboes'?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and infection of lymph nodes resulting in enlargement

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the spleen is correct?

Accepted Answer

The spleen filters blood, removes old erythrocytes, and stores platelets

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 5

During an immune response, which cell type acts as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) and is capable of activating naive T cells?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

Present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells

Question 7

A patient with a deficiency in complement proteins would most likely have impaired:

Accepted Answer

Opsonization and formation of membrane attack complexes

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship described by Dalton’s Law for partial pressures of gases?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = P_{O_2$} + P_{CO_2$} + P_{N_2$} + \ldots$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the Bohr effect in oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$CO_2$$ and decreased pH cause hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily

Question 10

Which of the following is the most important form in which $$CO_2 is $$transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) in plasma

Question 11

A patient with restrictive lung disease would most likely exhibit which of the following changes in lung volumes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased total lung capacity

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents Henry’s Law for gas solubility?

Accepted Answer

$$C = k \cdot P$$

Question 13

During inspiration, which of the following pressure changes occurs in the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure decreases, becoming more negative

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of a 'right shift' in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily at higher $$PO_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary function of the mucociliary escalator in the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Moves mucus and trapped particles upward toward the pharynx

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in fever regulation?

Accepted Answer

It responds to pyrogens by raising the set point for body temperature

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the histology of alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Presence of simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of the Haldane effect in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

High $$O_2$$ levels promote $$CO_2$$ release from hemoglobin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of TH (helper T) cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They activate both humoral and cellular immune responses by secreting cytokines

Question 20

A patient with chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD, would most likely exhibit which of the following changes in lung function?

Accepted Answer

Increased airway resistance and decreased gas exchange efficiency

Lymphatic, Immune, and Respiratory Systems: Comprehensive Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions